由於美國人生活繁忙、緊張,講求快速,時間就是金錢,所以近年來許多美國大學也在推行日常生活的講和寫,不用難字,不寫長句,不含偏見的「三不」。也就是說,盡量使用簡短易懂的白話英語(論壇) (Plain English),寫得愈白愈好,用字愈少愈妙,使別人可以一目瞭然,充分瞭解。這不但可節省「思索」時間,也可避免對方的誤解。還有,老外為了族群和諧相處,也不使用帶有偏見的字眼。以下即為一些例子,以供讀者參考。% \$ L+ A0 U+ J" @$ E
8 G0 W1 x$ U) F. A" I# h4 S- K1. 尤其在商業上,報章雜誌或公文書信上,盡量不用難字 (big word) 或過時的字眼 (old-fashioned word); 例如:( s$ C: c; t* Q2 _
! ~. b& i+ W$ h, Q0 z1 C% TMany people feel that moral education is the infrastructure of higher learning. (許多人認為道德教育是高等知識的基礎) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白). e0 \8 L; V: ^: ?- H9 S: U
, R" M& r P6 }3 r/ s" U3 I! M
Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of our university,s expansion (growth). (三百英畝的土地是本大學發展的限度) (如果用limit代替parameter,會更簡單易懂。)
1 |- ]* H3 F" A* g% l/ Q4 H
" e0 R7 J t& M/ M* J5 h9 ZThis news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (這消息已散佈到全美各地) (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更簡單?) (動詞時態是:spread, spread, spread)
5 l% B v# I' B* p* D
. U: G- D8 Z9 ?. A! IThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (這大學的校長個子不小) (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白嗎?)
' S7 L8 m- ~/ Y+ T2 \0 P( W$ n! \- f
I have to elucidate this document to my staff. (我要向我的員工解釋這份文件) (如用explain代替elucidate,也許更明白。)
* D. K5 n1 F( B& e2 P
) | X- p+ O$ ], a6 T# o: wMr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想嘗試當個醫生) (如果用try代替endeavor,會更淺白。) (endeavour = endeavor)3 l: j/ i, j9 P$ b
. M: x% [2 ?) l! q5 S/ B2 p. W0 t% G+ w( Z2 n" |9 U
這就像美國大文豪馬克吐溫 Mark Twain 也曾說過:「我不願在字典裡找長字或難字,我絕不用『metropolis』這個字,因為我同樣可以用『city』這個字來代替」。羅斯福總統為了強調美國政府不會遺忘那些窮人,在一篇講詞裡用了這麼一句:「We are endeavoring to construct a more inclusive society.」後來被人批評咬文嚼字,賣弄文筆。如果用淺白易懂的字眼寫成:「We are going to make this country in which no one is left out.」或「We are trying to make everyone equal.」也許更簡單明白!- W Z! k' S# {+ |9 A! E9 z" g9 j( K0 K2 U
$ j" ~' Z2 q6 T$ N% ~8 \2. 老外也主張不寫嚕囌或絢麗的字眼(flowery or wordy),句子應該越短越好,一句能用兩個字,絕不多加一個。 例如:
7 m* P- s8 y( ~2 b: J
8 l! ?* S5 ?) AAt this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (現在我們應該為我們的目標團結一致)(如果說:Now, we should pull……更簡單。因為 at this point in time = now)
* @- Y4 @8 f7 R. h9 W
; N0 ?1 X* m2 n1 E' oDespite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (雖然我的英語不好,但我不灰心。) (如果說:Although my English is not…… 就更簡短。因為despite the fact tha t= although = Though)
9 Z8 B6 ^% e' B% }4 [9 x* X! |) x1 B* \" Y R$ B" ]' z
I am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生應該辭職) (假如說:I think Mr. Lee should……不是更簡單嗎?因為I am of the opinion = I think)
3 v% Q# ?0 {' H! i. v3 z- ~3 r& k/ w- [! o3 H: T3 p2 c( ~
He quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由於生病而辭職) (若說:He quitted the job because he was sick. 更簡單。因為 due to the fact that = because)
2 i; r& d8 w1 ?, |. V
+ J9 i+ a- ]- p* R! j. A2 FIn the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜歡騎單車到辦公室) (如果說:Usually, he likes to ride…… 更簡單。因為 in the majority of cases = usually)4 o+ l. s' Q1 q4 @6 _2 q! |
8 h. @" y2 w- D6 s$ t* V# K# }' ^She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜歡茶而不是咖啡) (若說:She prefers tea rather……更簡短清楚,因為 show a preference for = prefer)0 [# R6 n a1 G5 L5 s; t2 E
% B) _! t1 v+ z3 h7 g' uI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生)1 w2 O5 A7 S2 A* C- A* U7 v
) Q0 T& P# T" ]如果只說:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter). 不是更簡單嗎?因為 bring the matter to the attention of = tell = inform) (句子最後面:「about the matter」可以省去); 同理,也要避免意義的重複或用字的多餘 (redundant); 例如:, K- q( H! g' I1 V8 I
1 H$ l- f1 ]! m
, |2 b& M [ X, _3. 老外為了族群和諧相處,除不用歧視或偏見的字眼外,連男女性別,也要避免區別,以示「平等」。 例如:
' H' Z8 t( D' V# N: g# y6 a' [ [; ? a. s5 h1 B$ v8 R
Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人類是世上最聰明的動物)= Man is the smartest animal……。 (如果改為:Human beings are considered the smartest animals…… 就能包括男女。所以 mankind = man = human beings) (注意:mankind 後面動詞要用多數,而 man 的後面動詞,則用單數)
1 F0 _( J* N C/ A ], Z: k) f4 |* E. t% p& Y
Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (發展這裡的經濟,似乎缺乏人力資源。)(如果說:Labor power seems not strong enough… 也就沒有「男性主義」的感覺。可見 manpower = labor power = work force = human resources)
. p$ G, L Z7 \! L9 E2 g [+ M
7 E, K9 _9 s: z1 o7 U( OThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(這個小公司昨天請來一名清潔女工)(如果說:This small company hired an office cleaner…也就沒有男女之分了)
; v6 ]: ]- b/ c; [當然,一些帶有種族偏見的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要盡量避免使用,以免鬧出麻煩。例如:
, ?' o! q) C2 Q7 X7 \& J' d9 K& G( x2 C; O
對黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用 Nigger(用 Black 還可以),禮貌的說法是 Afro-American 或 African-American;
! q$ a5 m% q! Q; A' g5 N7 V
. i1 W' |$ k2 q對白人不要用 Honky(這是黑人罵白人的用字),正確用法是 Caucasian,或 white people; |
評分
-
查看全部評分
|